The Rāmcaritmānas or Rāmāyaṇa of Tulsī-Dās, a 16thcentury poet born in Ayodhyā, is considered one of the major works of Hindī literature. This monumental body of work (more than 10,000 verses) was composed in Avadhī, a dialect of Hindī. The present study attempts to examine the sources and composition of the Rāmcaritmānas. The author draws from a large number of sources of which the principal are: the sectarian Rāmāyaṇas (i.e Adhyātma-, Yogavaśiṣṭha- , Adbhuta- and Bhuṣuṇḍi- Rāmāyaṇa), the Purāṇas (primarily the Śiva- and Bhāgavata-Purāṇa), drama (the Hanumannāṭaka and Prasannarāghava, for example). The composite character of the work derives partially from a desire for conciliation and from a syncretism which, allied to the literary genius of Tulsī-Dās, explains the enormous success and influence of the text. The present book, entirely in Hindi, is the translation of a study originally in the French language.